Classification of elderly hearing impairment| Shenzhen Zhongde Audio-Technical Co., Ltd.

1) Simple elderly hearing impairment. It is mainly due to the atrophy of hair cell in the basal gyrus of the cochlea and the occurrence of progressive degenerative diseases, resulting in hearing impairment in the elderly. The cochlear gyrus mainly perceives high-frequency sounds, such as lesions in the cochlear gyrus. Its clinical manifestation is mainly a significant decrease in high-frequency hearing, while low-frequency hearing is good. The audiogram configuration is a high-frequency steep drop type. Patients often complain that they can hear the sound but cannot hear what is being said clearly. In this situation, wearing a hearing aid has a significant effect.

2) Sensory elderly hearing impairment. That is, the gradual degeneration of spiral ganglion cells in the cochlea, characterized by a reduction in speech recognition rate. The clinical manifestation of this type of elderly hearing impairment is that although hearing loss is not severe, language discrimination is not clear. The degree of hearing loss displayed on the audiogram does not match the clinical manifestations, and there is a significant difference. Gangliopathy is the main cause of unclear sound recognition. Although hearing aid fitting is a necessary means, it is necessary to establish appropriate expectations and patiently go through a longer period of hearing aid adaptation. At the same time, the hearing aid fitting personnel should repeatedly adjust the function of the hearing aid multiple times, so that people with hearing impairment can quickly accept the hearing aid.

3) Metabolic elderly hearing impairment. The capillary striae of the middle and parietal gyrus of the cochlea atrophy, poor blood supply, poor blood circulation of hair cell, leading to hearing loss. A flat audiogram is the best choice for elderly hearing disorders like this, and the speech recognition rate is relatively high after using a hearing aid. Generally, satisfactory results can be achieved.

4) Mechanical elderly hearing impairment. Due to fibrosis of the cochlear basement membrane, poor softness and elasticity, the response to sound transmission from the auditory ossicles to the inner ear is not sensitive, resulting in hearing impairment in the elderly. The audiogram shows a slow decline in hearing, and the experience of using hearing aids can achieve good results.

5) Central aging disorder. Neurons in auditory centers at all levels, especially in the auditory area of the cerebral cortex, show degenerative changes. The elderly can hear sounds, but do not understand them. The main manifestation is a verbal communication barrier, which prevents one from understanding what others are saying. There is a significant difference between hearing loss and speech recognition, and this type of elderly hearing impairment coexists with speech impairment. After fitting a hearing aid, it can be helpful for hearing to some extent, but it still cannot help the elderly understand what others are saying, and the effect is poor. After wearing hearing aids, the expected values for the two types of elderly hearing impairment, sensory and central, should not be too high, but rather have some auditory assistance. The other three types of elderly hearing impairment can all receive satisfactory results after wearing hearing aids.

6) Mixed hearing impairment. A mixture of the aforementioned pathological types. Usually, there are two or more types of hearing impairment coexisting. Audiogram sometimes shows a flat and slow slope shape, with a sudden sharp downward trend, indicating pathological changes in both parts of the ear.

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